PARTNERS & CONSULTANTS
- Chin, Marina
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1990
- Postgraduate Practical Law Course (awarded the Tan Ah Tah Book Prize), 1990
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore, 1989
- Litigation and arbitration
- Company law
- Land law
- Defamation law
- Family law
- Employment law
- The Singapore Court Practice
- Singapore Precedents of Pleadings
- Commercial Litigation in Singapore.
- acting for a major foreign bank to claim S$54 million as well as to assert the bank’s rights over equipment purchased for S$52 million and used in a major infrastructure project;
- acting for a major international hotel chain in relation to claims in excess of US$30 million arising from the aborted acquisition of a hotel in Bangkok;
- acting for a major export and import bank in relation to its claim against a Singapore listed company;
- acting for one of the largest shipping companies in its claim against fraudulent employees of its Singapore subsidiary; including securing a worldwide Mareva Injunction to freeze assets up to the value of US$30 million as well as an Anton Piller order to preserve evidence;
- acting for a Singapore listed company in respect of fraud committed in relation to its Indonesian subsidiary;
- acting for majority shareholders of a Singapore listed company in its dispute with the minority;
- acting for and advising a creditor in the winding up of a debtor company and successfully challenging the debtor’s company application to implement a scheme of arrangement instead; acting for the liquidators thereafter in arbitration proceedings commenced by the debtor company to claim in excess of S$16 million and to defend a counterclaim of more than S$8.7 million;
- acting for a defendant in a dispute between him and a joint venture partner on the division of profits after selling investment properties for more than S$60 million. Marina succeeded in defending the claim, and on appeal, the Court of Appeal affirmed the decision, holding that the suit was an abuse of process: see Lim Geok Lin Andy v Yap Jin Meng Bryan [2016] SGHC 234; and Lim Geok Lin Andy v Yap Jin Meng Bryan[2017] SGCA 46;
- acting for a plaintiff in a complex case where there was a dispute on whether the fire broke out in the plaintiff’s or the defendant’s property, and the cause of the fire was unknown. Following a nine-day trial in which many witnesses including fire experts and personnel from the Singapore Civil Defence Force were cross-examined, Marina obtained a favourable judgment for 100% of the quantum claimed by the plaintiff: see Te Deum Engineering Pte Ltd v Grace Electrical Engineering Pte Ltd [2016] SGHC 232. The defendant then filed an appeal. The Court of Appeal, after hearing the appeal, accepted our arguments on a novel point of law, and upheld the decision: see Grace Electrical Engineering Pte Ltd v Te Deum Engineering Pte Ltd [2017] SGCA 65;
- acting for an international group of manufacturing companies against a former director and CEO over issues of bribery and corruption, conspiracy, diversion of a multi-million business and serious breaches of fiduciary duties: see Beyonics Technology Ltd and another v Goh Chan Peng and others [2016] SGHC 120, and Goh Chan Peng and others v Beyonics Technology Ltd and another [2017] SGCA 40;
- acting for liquidators in relation to a major fraud and conspiracy involving subsidiaries in various jurisdictions in South East Asia and tax havens;
- acting for a minority shareholder in a derivative action for the benefit of the company based on a multi-million fraud involving the timber industry operated through numerous subsidiaries;
- representing a claimant in an application for the judicial review of a decision to seize monies totalling US$14 million, and in an application for the release of monies under section 370 of the Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 68, 2012 Rev Ed);
- representing a claimant in proceedings commenced pursuant to section 29, read with paragraph 7(1) of the Third Schedule, of the Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Act (Cap 190A, 2001 Rev Ed);
- being appointed by the Court of Appeal of Singapore as the independent legal adviser to representatives of a substantial estate;
- acting in numerous matters involving property law including landmark cases;
- acting in landmark cases on issues of defamation law;
- acting in a landmark case on matrimonial assets under family law;
- acting in matters involving competition law; and
- acting for the Public Trustee (in her capacity as litigation representative) to make submissions before the Court of Appeal for appointment of deputies under the Mental Capacity Act on behalf of a high net-worth individual.
- Board Member, Singapore Land Authority
- Notary Public
- Commissioner for Oaths
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- International Bar Association
- Fernandez, Christopher
- Personal Injury Claims
- Medical Negligence Claims
- Workmen's Compensation
- Property Damage Claims
- Professional Indemnity Claims
- Disputes Arising from Insurance Guarantees
- Insurance Policy Disputes
- Criminal Proceeding under the Road Traffic Act
- Lee, Amy
- Solicitor, England and Wales, 2005
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1983
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore), 1982
- advising GIC Special Investments on its €1 billion investment in Sintonia, the Benetton family’s infrastructure holding company;
- advising Energy Market Authority of Singapore (working with Tokyo Gas Engineering and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) on a feasibility study relating to the development of a LNG refinery and associated infrastructure in Singapore;
- advising JTC Corporation on its development of a hydrocarbon rock cavern storage facility in Singapore;
- advising Sport Singapore (previously Singapore Sports Council) and the Ministry of Community Development, Youth & Sports on the redevelopment of the Singapore National Stadium – the flagship and demonstration project under the Singapore government's PPP initiative and the world's largest sports infrastructure PPP project. This project garnered numerous international awards including Project Finance Magazine's Global Deal of the Year;
- advising one of the largest municipal state-owned enterprises in China on all aspects of the first successful state-owned toll road divestment in China – the first time a foreign investor gains a foothold in the China toll road sector; the first Indian company to enter into the China toll road business; and the first transaction in China to have a structure designed to allow for the sale of a key state-owned toll road asset from a China government entity to a foreign investor;
- advising Singapore Cooperation Enterprise (working alongside World Bank, Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund, the Indonesian Ministry of Finance and its Risk Management Unit, the municipal government of Bandar Lampung and local PDAM) on the development of the Bandar Lampung water treatment and distribution PPP project – the first water PPP project under the PPP supporting legal and regulatory framework in Indonesia;
- advising Keppel Merlimau Cogen Pte Ltd on all aspects, including financing of its 500MW greenfield merchant power project in Singapore and all land, planning and permitting aspects, including negotiations with JTC Corporation;
- advising the Brunei Economic Development Board (BEDB) on the enabling legislation and contractual arrangements for the Sungai Liang Industrial Park, a US$4.5 billion project in Brunei;
- working with the master planners, in conjunction with the BEDB on finalising draft Proponent Agreements for the provision of shared infrastructure services (water, power, road and jetty) for the Sungai Liang Industrial Park in Brunei;
- advising the Government of Brunei on the preparation of the country's privatisation masterplan;
- advising Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Indonesian Ministry of Finance on the enabling framework required to allow PPP transactions to be implemented at the sub-sovereign level in Indonesia; and
- advising ADB on the enabling legislation and supporting regulatory framework to establish an effective PPP procurement regime in Thailand.
- Advisory Council Member, National University of Singapore, Faculty of Law
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- Low, Lawrence
- Solicitor, England and Wales, 2003
- LPC – Postgraduate Diploma in Legal Practice, BPP Law School, UK, 2001
- CPE – Graduate Diploma in Law, City Law School, City University, UK, 2000
- Masters of Research in Environmental Sciences, University College London, UK, 1996
- Bachelor of Science in Human Sciences (Hons), University College London, UK, 1995
- Banking and finance
- Infrastructure and project finance
- DBS as agent and a syndicate of more than 20 local and international lenders on the financing and refinancing facility for Genting International's development of US$4.4 billion integrated resort and casino in Singapore, Resorts World at Sentosa – Project Finance Magazine’s Asia Pacific Leisure Deal of the Year;
- BNP Paribas, Calyon, DBS, Fortis Bank, OCBC and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation as the arrangers on the financing of China Huaneng Group’s S$4.2 billion acquisition of shares in Tuas Power Ltd;
- Sembcorp Utilities as sponsor on the US$1 billion financing of an independent water and power project in Salalah, Oman which involved lenders such as KfW IPEX-Bank GmbH and China Development Bank (CDB) – Asian-MENA Counsel’s Deal of the Year 2010 and Global Water Intelligence’s Global Water Awards – Desalination Deal of the Year 2011;
- BTMU as agent and a syndicate of banks on the development and financing of one of the largest independent crude oil and petroleum product storage terminals in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates — Project Finance Magazine’s Middle Eastern Oil & Gas Deal of the Year and Global Transport Finance’s Port Finance Law Firm of the Year;
- Standard Chartered Bank on its:
- restructuring of a US$1 billion loan to PT Borneo Lumbung Energi, an Indonesian coal mine operator;
- US$270 million receivables purchase facility to PT Huawei Tech Investment, the Indonesian subsidiary of information communications and technology company, Huawei Technologies;
- US$43 million external commercial borrowing financing to a subsidiary of IL&FS Transportation Networks Limited, an Indian sponsor, for an annuity based project to fund the development of the longest tunnel in Asia and extension and rehabilitation of a road in Jammu and Kashmir states in northern India; and
- US$35 million loan to An Giang Plant Protection Joint Stock Company, a Vietnamese company for acquisitions, capital expenditure and investment in rice production;
- International Finance Corporation (IFC) on its:
- first debt and equity investment in a concession based water treatment and distribution project in Tangerang City, Indonesia;
- first loan in Myanmar (since the lifting of sanctions) for business enabling infrastructure in Yangon comprising the renovation of Traders Hotel Yangon and the development of Shangri-La Residences Yangon;
- debt and equity investment relating to the acquisition by Singaporean company, Jubilant Pharma Limited, of pharmaceutical assets in India, Canada, USA and Belgium;
- proposed debt and equity financing of a Sri Lankan waste to energy plant;
- financing to a subsidiary of ACLEDA Bank Plc to establish a business school in Cambodia; and
- US$400 million loan to Power Grid Corporation of India, a state owned enterprise, for electricity transmission projects;
- CDB on its loan to the Ministry of Finance of Zambia;
- HSBC as agent and the bank syndicate on a S$660 million guarantee facility to a joint venture (involving the Singapore Economic Development Board, German and Korean sponsors) in relation to the financing of a silicon wafer fabrication plant;
- RedMart Limited, an e-grocery service in Singapore, in relation to the acquisition of all of its issued share capital by Lazada, an Alibaba-backed online shopping and selling platform;
- a consortium of lenders, including CDB and Sinosure on their financing to GNPower Mariveles for a 600MW greenfield power plant in the Philippines – Project Finance International’s Power Asia-Pacific Deal of the Year;
- IFC, DEG, FMO and PROPARCO on the US$264 million facilities to a joint venture (involving Vicat SA of France and Sagar Cements of India as sponsors) for the financing of a cement plant in Karnataka, India;
- Scotiabank, BTMU, HSBC and Westpac as the arrangers on a US$300 million syndicated loan to Bharat Oman Refineries Limited;
- a property developer on the greenfield development, management and operations of a serviced residence property in Singapore;
- Asian Development Bank on its:
- loans to XacBank and TenGer Financial Group in Mongolia for on-lending to provide loans and leases to micro, small and medium sized enterprises;
- loan to Industrial and Infrastructure Finance Company Limited in Bangladesh for on-lending to support energy efficiency infrastructure programmes; and
- US$200 million loan to an AXIS Bank Limited to strengthen its rural financial inclusion programme and extend finance to low-income smallholder farmers in India;
- Westpac on a US$100 million loan to Yashili New Zealand Dairy Co., Ltd for the development of a milk product plant in New Zealand;
- a Malaysian conglomerate on its numerous acquisitions in the Mongolian mining, manufacturing and hospitality sectors; and
- ANZ in connection with a corporate loan to PT Nusa Halmahera Minerals, an Indonesian mining company.
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- Law Society of England and Wales
- Ng, Eddee
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1997
- Postgraduate Practical Law Course, National University of Singapore, 1996
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore, 1996
- Commercial litigation and arbitration
- Restructuring and insolvency
- Infrastructure and projects
- representing the Judicial Manager in proceedings arising from the falsified accounts of a Singapore public listed company with operations in China.
- advising in the restructuring of a company involved in the distribution of electronic components internationally.
- representing one of Singapore’s largest banks, United Overseas Bank Ltd (UOB) in a widely reported multi-million dollar intellectual property dispute involving a currency conversion system – Dynamic Currency Conversion for Card Payment Systems, which spanned more than a decade;
- acting for UOB in its claims for fraud against, amongst others, a property developer company within the Lippo group, relating to UOB’s grant of mortgage loans amounting to an aggregate sum of S$181 million for the sale and purchase of luxury condominium units at The Marina Collection at Sentosa Cove developed by the Lippo entity. This case included an interlocutory application involving a complex area of law pertaining to whether the fraud exception applies to prevent attribution of the knowledge of an employee who had been fraudulent and/or who had committed a breach of duty to the employer. Eddee also successfully argued against an appeal by the defendants before the High Court;
- advising and acting for a government ministry in relation to numerous issues arising out of the construction of a government complex;
- advising and acting for a state-linked entity in China in respect of a dispute arising out of the sale of soy beans from an international commodity conglomerate to the state-linked entity in China;
- acting for a telecommunications company in a dispute arising from the procurement of a marquee sports program;
- acting for a telecommunications company in claims arising from the unauthorised tapping off of its cable network;
- acting for a regional education chain in a dispute with its private equity investor in respect of investments in Dubai, Kuwait and Vietnam;
- acting for a major international hotel chain in respect of their dispute with a Singapore landlord;
- acting for the Silverlink Holdings Limited (Silverlink), the holding company of Amanresorts, a major luxury resort chain in a dispute between Silverlink and one of its shareholders and in a second related dispute involving the directors of Silverlink;
- acting for Starwood Asia Pacific in relation to a claim arising from the acquisition of the Westin Grande Sukhumvit, Bangkok;
- acting for a local Singapore bank in claims against a property developer and other defendants for alleged fraud/conspiracy;
- acting for a Middle Eastern bank in relation to fraud committed by a bank employee where funds were transferred to Singapore;
- acting for a BVI company in claims amounting to US$88 million against a major US bank for misrepresentation and mis-selling of currency derivatives;
- acting for a Philippines client in claims for unauthorised trading against a German bank;
- acting for an Indonesian client in claims for unauthorised trading, failure to advise and misrepresentation against a major US bank;
- acting for Malaysian clients in claims for misrepresentation against a major Swiss bank;
- acting for Drydocks World SEA in respect of its scheme of arrangement and its subsidiaries as regards liabilities of US$2.2 billion;
- advising and acting for a Singapore listed company in respect of fraud committed by employees in respect of the company’s Mexican subsidiary;
- advising a major US bank in relation to the debt standstill of Asia Pulp & Paper Ltd;
- advising and acting for a major coal producing company in Indonesia in respect of disputes arising from the supply of coal to a Hong Kong-based entity;
- acting for majority shareholders in relation to an application for an injunction to restrain the payment of an interim dividend of S$90 million;
- assisting PricewaterhouseCoopers with the investigations into the oil trading losses of China Aviation Oil which amounted to US$550 million and which has been described as the second Barings in Singapore – Asian Legal Business’ South East Asia Deal of the Year 2005;
- acting for the Singapore Diamond Exchange in a passing off dispute;
- advising SGX on infringements of stock market regulations; and
- acting for a Hong Kong client in claims made against the Marina Bay Sands for breach of contract and in the tort of conversion in respect of gambling chips.
- Singapore chapter of The Asset Tracing and Recovery Review published by Law Business Research Ltd, 2015-2017.
- Contributor to Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulatory Quality and Efficiency (13th edition) published by the World Bank Group
- Singapore chapter of The Asset Tracing and Recovery Review published by Law Business Research Ltd in 2015
- Singapore Civil Procedure (Sweet & Maxwell) – author of chapter on Affidavits
- Commercial Litigation in Singapore (Sweet & Maxwell) – author of chapter on Summary Judgment, Striking out and Preliminary Determination
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- International Association of Defense Counsel
- International Bar Association
- Chartered Institute of Arbitrators
- Singapore Institute of Arbitrators
- INSOL International
- Insolvency Practitioners Association of Singapore
- SIAC Users Council
- Parmar, Karam Singh
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1994
- Barrister, England and Wales, 1992
- Master of Science in Construction Law and Arbitration, King’s College, University of London, 1997
- Postgraduate Practical Law Course, Singapore, 1994
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), University of London, 1991
- Bachelor of Engineering, Civil (Hons), National University of Singapore, 1988
- Infrastructure and projects
- Litigation and arbitration
- acting for a multi-national health and electronics technology company in a dispute involving claims relating to the construction of its flagship building in Singapore;
- acting for a large Singapore fitting-out contractor in an arbitration against a main contractor in relation to disputes over quality and payment issues;
- advising Singapore project managers in a dispute with developers of a multi-storey development in Malaysia;
- advising and drafting contracts for a developer of an island resort in the Republic of Maldives;
- advising and acting for a government body in respect of unforeseen conditions and delay claims arising out of tunnelling works for Singapore’s mass rapid transit system;
- acting for a Korean specialist geotechnical contractor in an arbitration against a foreign main contractor in connection with claims arising out of sub-structure works;
- acting for a Singapore contractor against a ready mix concrete supplier for failing to supply concrete during the period of a ban by the Indonesian government on the export of sand to Singapore;
- acting for minority residents of a prestigious residential development in Singapore opposing an en bloc sale;
- advising an Indonesian developer on a PPP to develop a township in Papua New Guinea;
- advising and drafting contractual documents for a Singapore developer of a commercial complex in Lao PDR;
- acting for a Singapore-listed construction company in a claim by the MCST of a prestigious development on Singapore’s Sentosa island;
- advising and acting for various parties in connection with disputes arising out of construction projects including developers, main contractors, consultants, MCSTs, sub-contractors and/or third parties;
- acting in numerous adjudications for various parties in claims made pursuant to Singapore’s Building and Construction Security of Payment Act;
- advising an international container survey bureau against a German systems provider in respect of disputes arising out of a joint venture software development agreement;
- advising and acting for a global hedge fund in respect of investigations into unauthorised trading losses;
- advising and acting for investigators into the collapse of a Singapore listed entity;
- acting for an India-linked insurance entity operating in Singapore in an arbitration in the Singapore International Arbitration Centre in a contractual dispute;
- advising and acting for a multi-national insurance company in respect of a fraudulent policy claim;
- advising a subsidiary of a US oil and gas services provider in a matter involving criminal breach of trust by an employee;
- advising and acting in an arbitration for a major Indian exporter of iron ore against a Singapore entity; and
- advising and acting for a container leasing company in a dispute with one of the largest Singapore container depot.
- Notary Public
- Commissioner for Oaths
- Rajoo, Angeline
- Motor accidents and personal injury arising from motor accidents; including negotiations between insurance companies over claims
- Damage to property arising from fire, construction and/or renovation works
- Professional Indemnity Insurance
- Ramasamy, Narayanan
- Member of the Criminal Law Advisory Committee (Review), Ministry of Home Affairs
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- Seah, Paul
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 2006
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore, 2005
- Civil and commercial litigation
- Arbitration
- Restructuring and insolvency
- In the City Harvest Church matter, Paul acted for a defendant in the highest-profile and longest running white-collar crime trial in Singapore’s history. The matter was the subject of front-page news coverage for years through over 140 days of trial, and has gone on appeal before both a rare 3-judge bench of the High Court, and now a 5-judge bench in the Court of Appeal. This matter has garnered the Asialaw Asia-Pacific Dispute Resolution Awards 2017’s Matter of the Year award. See: Public Prosecutor v Lam Leng Hung and others [2015] SGDC 326 and Public Prosecutor v Lam Leng Hung and Other Appeals [2017] 4 SLR 474.
- In Bouvier, Yves Charles Edgar and anor v Accent Delight International and anors [2015] SGCA 45, Paul acted for one of the parties accused of defrauding Mr Dmitry Rybolovlev, a Russian Oligarch and owner of AS Monaco Football Club, of some US$1 billion from the purchase of numerous masterpieces, including works by Picasso, Monet, Rothko and Da Vinci. Paul and his team successfully obtained the discharge of a worldwide Mareva or freezing injunction that had been previously obtained against their client, and also obtained a stay of proceedings in Singapore on forum non conveniens grounds. Two landmark Singapore Court of Appeal judgments were released on this matter – one reshaping the law on worldwide freezing injunctions, and the other on forum non conveniens. This complex cross-border dispute has been publicised and followed all over the world. This matter has garnered the Asialaw Asia-Pacific Dispute Resolution Awards 2016’s Matter of the Year award.
- In Tan Choo Hoon @ Tan Cheng Gay v Ng Giok Oh and anors [2017] SGCA 13, Paul represented Mdm Ng Giok Oh in various appeals and cross-appeals before the Court of Appeal of Singapore in a S$200 million dispute over Afro-Asia Shipping Pte Ltd’s shares and assets. This case dealt with important and novel concepts of law, including the duties owed by a resulting trustee to the beneficiaries. The Court of Appeal judgment in this matter is now the leading case in Singapore on the issue of resulting trusts.
- In Thio Syn Kym Wendy and anors v Thio Syn Pyn and anors [2017] SGHC 169, Paul represented Mdm Kwik Poh Leng, the matriarch of the Thio family, in a minority oppression action in the High Court of Singapore. The Thio family owns one of the largest dairy products businesses in South-East Asia through their company, Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd, which produces well-known brands such as Vitagen, Marigold, HL Milk, Peel Fresh, Cowbell, Lady General, King of Kings and Double Happiness.
- In Suit No. 588 of 2012/V, Paul acted for a group of investors who sued one of the Princes of Brunei in a highly-publicised dispute over a failed investment. Judgment was entered against the Prince for the full sum of the claim with costs to the plaintiffs.
- In Singapore Swimming Club v Koh Sin Chong Freddie [2016] SGCA 28, Paul represented Freddie Koh in both the High Court and the Court of Appeal in another highly publicised case involving a claim on an indemnity resolution passed by the management committee of the Singapore Swimming Club.
- In Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), Singapore Branch v Asia Pacific Breweries (Singapore) Pte Ltd and Other Appeals [2007] 2 SLR 367, Paul acted for Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation against Asia Pacific Breweries and Chia Teck Leng in what remains one of the largest corporate fraud cases ever presented in the High Court of Singapore.
- In Goel Adesh Kumar v Resorts World at Sentosa Pte Ltd (SATS Security Services Pte Ltd, third party) [2017] SGHC 43, Paul represented SATS Ltd, a large publically listed company, in a dispute involving Resorts World Sentosa and one of its patrons that was widely followed by both the local and international press. Paul successfully litigated SATS’s case before the High Court and struck out the counterparty’s appeal before the Court of Appeal.
- Paul has been appointed as counsel in regulatory investigations involving exchange rate fixings, front-running and other illegal practices by leading international banks.
- In Kon Yin Tong v Leow Boon Cher [2011] SGHC 228, Paul acted for the liquidators of a company on a claim for fraudulent trading and preferential payments by the company’s former directors. The case is now commonly cited as the leading decision in Singapore on numerous insolvency issues, such as fraudulent trading, preferential payments and the question of when a company is deemed to be insolvent. Paul also successfully argued against an appeal by the defendants before the Court of Appeal.
- In Pereira, Dennis John Sunny v United Overseas Bank Ltd [2017] SGCA 62, Paul acted for one of the largest banks in Singapore, United Overseas Bank (UOB) and successfully argued against a debtor’s appeal to halt the repossession of a mortgaged property. In its judgment in the case, the Court of Appeal noted that the Court cannot refuse an order for possession when a mortgagee is entitled to such an order under the mortgage, unless there is a reasonable prospect that the mortgagor is able to satisfy its debt to the mortgagee in full – and even then, the Court only has the jurisdiction to grant a short reprieve. This decision is now the leading judgement on the scope of the scope of the Court’s power to interfere in a mortgage-holder’s rights.
- In Suit No. OS 506/2013, Paul also successfully acted for UOB against a construction company in judicial management for the wrongful re-routing of monies away from the bank. This case is of significant importance to the banking industry as one of the first cases in Singapore that analysed in detail the test for determining the nature of assignments and, fixed and floating charges over assets. This required an in-depth review of the leading decisions from the House of Lords and Privy Council.
- Paul acted for the Judicial Managers of Indian construction firm, Punj Lloyd Ltd’s Singapore unit and Sembawang Engineers & Constructors in the high-profile judicial management of these two companies.
- In addition, Paul has also representing various financial institutions in various insolvency matters including (i) a scheme of arrangement of a listed construction company; and (ii) a proposed scheme of arrangement of a listed interior fit-out company.
- Author of Singapore: Recent Key Legal Developments in Asialaw Singapore Report, 2017
- Author of chapter on Affidavits in Singapore Civil Procedure, Sweet & Maxwell
- Author of chapter on Summary Judgment, Striking Out and Preliminary Determination in Commercial Litigation in Singapore, Sweet & Maxwell
- Member, Council of the Law Society of Singapore
- Member, Singapore Academy of Law
- Member, INSOL International
- Fellow, Insolvency Practitioners Association of Singapore
- Volunteers at the Community Legal Clinic organised by the Law Society Pro Bono Services
- Chairperson, Living Waters Methodist Church
- Member of the Board of Directors of MYMCA
- Tan, Su Ean
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1995
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), University College London, University of London, UK, 1994
- Real estate
- advising a real estate holding company in the portfolio and corporate restructuring of its assets of approximately S$100 million;
- advising corporations in the disposal and leaseback of multi-tenanted office/industrial buildings;
- representing developers in the purchase of all units in strata-titled developments from individual owners and handling the documentation relating to the project financing;
- being involved in the collective sale of units in residential developments;
- representing developers in the sale of units in licensed and unlicensed housing development projects;
- handling the lease documentation for landlords in the tenancy of the units in their building; and
- acting for financial institutions in the mortgagee sale of residential, commercial, JTC and HDB properties.
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- Teo, Weng Kie
- Weng Kie sits on the Law Society Disciplinary Committee's Panel and is a member of the Law Society and the Singapore Academy of Law.
- Tnee, Keith
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 2011
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore, 2010
- Commercial litigation and arbitration
- Restructuring and insolvency
- Acting for a multi-national health and electronics technology company in a dispute involving claims relating to the construction of its flagship building in Singapore.
- Acting for Mdm Kwik Poh Leng, the matriarch of the Thio family, in a minority oppression action in the High Court of Singapore. The Thio family owns one of the largest dairy products businesses in South-East Asia through their company, Malaysia Dairy Industries Pte Ltd, which produces well-known brands such as Vitagen, Marigold, HL Milk, Peel Fresh, Cowbell, Lady General, King of Kings and Double Happiness.
- Represented Mdm Ng Giok Oh in various appeals and cross-appeals before the Court of Appeal of Singapore in a S$200 million dispute over Afro-Asia Shipping Pte Ltd’s shares and assets. This case dealt with important and novel concepts of law, including the duties owed by a resulting trustee to the beneficiaries. The Court of Appeal judgment in this matter is now the leading case in Singapore on the issue of resulting trusts.
- Acting for Airtrust (Singapore) Pte Ltd in proceedings in the High Court of Singapore against various parties for conspiracy and breaches of fiduciary duties.
- Acting for PSL Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Singapore stock exchange, in proceedings in the High Court of Singapore in respect of an investment in an Indonesian shipping company.
- Acting in a multi-million dollar arbitration claim brought by an Indonesian businessman against a major American investment bank over the sale of speculative financial derivatives.
- Acting for a regional educational company in an arbitration dispute involving its private equity investor in respect of investments in Southeast Asia and the Middle-East.
- Acting for Freddie Koh in both the High Court and the Court of Appeal in another highly publicised case involving a claim on an indemnity resolution passed by the management committee of the Singapore Swimming Club. See Freddie Koh Sin Chong v Singapore Swimming Club [2014] SGHC 276 and Singapore Swimming Club v Koh Sin Chong Freddie [2016] SGCA 28.
- Acting for and advising the developer of a major part-commercial, part-medical development project in central Singapore in dispute with its main contractor.
- Acting for the Singapore subsidiary of a multi-national concrete supplier in its claim against the main contractor of a major medical development project.
- Assisting Drydocks World SEA in respect of its scheme of arrangement and its subsidiaries as regards liabilities of US$2.2 billion.
- Acting for the Judicial Managers of Punj Lloyd Pte Ltd (PLPL) and Sembawang Engineers & Constructors in the high-profile judicial management of these two companies. Both these companies were the Singapore subsidiaries of Punj Lloyd Ltd, a major Indian construction firm.
- Acting for the Liquidators of PLPL in the liquidation of the company.
- Acting for and advising the Judicial Manager, and subsequently the Liquidator of Opus Offshore Pte Ltd, the Singapore subsidiary in a larger group that provides marine and drilling services; as well as acting for the Joint Provisional Liquidators of Opus Offshore Ltd (the parent company of Opus Offshore Pte Ltd) in proceedings in the High Court of Singapore, including an application for pre-action discovery which was successfully defended.
- Advising in the restructuring of a company involved in the distribution of electronic components internationally.
- Acting for and advising the liquidators of Marinteknik Shipbuilders (S) Pte Ltd in the winding up and sale of the company, which ultimately resulted in a successful application to set aside the winding up order and “resuscitate” the company.
- Acting for the liquidators of Dovechem Holdings Pte Ltd (in compulsory liquidation) in the winding up of the company and in one of the most heavily-contested applications for the taxation of the liquidators’ fees.
- Assisting in the preparation of an expert opinion on Singapore agency law and principles for a matter before the English Commercial Court.
- Contributor to the Singapore chapter of The Asset Tracing and Recovery Review published by Law Business Research Ltd, 2015-2017
- Contributor to the chapter on Summary Judgment, Striking Out and Preliminary Determination of Commercial Litigation in Singapore published by Sweet & Maxwell in 2015
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- Insolvency Practitioners Association of Singapore
- INSOL International
- Tng, Peck Chin
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1989
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore, 1988
- Real estate
- the owners of en-bloc sales of Vermont 1 and 2, Peck Hay Mansions, Newton Meadows and The Parisian with a total transaction value of over S$400 million;
- the purchasers in the en-bloc purchase of Parry Gardens, Chez Bright Apartments, Carlton Terrace, houses at Paterson and Lengkok Angsa, Asimont @ Barker and Grand Tower with a total transaction value of approximately S$350 million;
- leading Singapore and regional developers in their commercial and residential developments; and
- financial institutions in the enforcement and realisation of secured assets.
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
- V. Kanyakumari
- Advocate & Solicitor, Singapore, 1992
- Bachelor of Laws (Hons), National University of Singapore, 1991
- Commercial litigation and arbitration
- Family law and matrimonial
- Probate, trusts and estate planning
- Law Society of Singapore
- Singapore Academy of Law
Chin, Marina
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DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9510
EMAIL:marinachin@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Marina is one of the senior and founding partners of the firm. With more than 28 years of experience, Marina has advised market participants on disputes and general business matters across a broad spectrum of industry sectors in Asia.
Marina also writes on a wide variety of litigation and arbitration law related topics. Upon invitation, she has contributed to three important Singapore publications for litigators:
Marina is the recipient of the Euromoney Legal Media Group Asia Women in Business Law Awards 2016 – Best in Dispute Resolution award. She is also ranked as a Recommended Lawyer for dispute resolution by Legal 500 Asia Pacific, 2017-2018. In addition, Marina has been recognised as one of the leading lawyers in the fields of Arbitration and Mediation by the Best Lawyers, 2019.
Marina's experience includes:
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9510
EMAIL:marinachin@tkqp.com.sg
Fernandez, Christopher
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PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9519
EMAIL:chris@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Christopher is a Partner in the Insurance Litigation Department.
Christopher was called into the English Bar in 1995. In February 1996, he was admitted as an Advocate and Solicitor in Singapore.
Areas of Practice
Experience
Christopher’s main areas of practice are in matters relating to Insurance Law and Workmen's Compensation. Christopher brings to Tan Kok Quan Partnership a wealth of experience in these highly specialized fields of practice.
His clientele include some of the largest insurance companies in Singapore.
Appointments / Membership
Christopher is a member of the Law Society of Singapore.
PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9519
EMAIL:chris@tkqp.com.sg
Lee, Amy
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PRACTICE GROUP:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROJECTS
TEL:+65 6496 9529
EMAIL:amylee@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Infrastructure and projects
Experience
Amy specialises in infrastructure developments and government advisory work. Prior to joining our firm, Amy was with an international law firm for eight years.
Amy's experience includes:
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROJECTS
TEL:+65 6496 9529
EMAIL:amylee@tkqp.com.sg
Low, Lawrence
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PRACTICE GROUP:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROJECT FINANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9537
EMAIL:lawrencelow@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Lawrence has more than 14 years of experience advising public and private participants on banking and finance transactions in Asia, the Middle East and the UK, with a particular focus on project finance, acquisition finance, trade finance and syndicated finance.
Lawrence has also been directly involved with the development of several fintech projects relating to blockchain based payment settlement systems and trade and receivables financing platforms whilst on a secondment to Standard Chartered Bank in 2016.
Lawrence's experience includes advising:
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
INFRASTRUCTURE AND PROJECT FINANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9537
EMAIL:lawrencelow@tkqp.com.sg
Ng, Eddee
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PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9540
EMAIL:eddeeng@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Eddee has acted for international clientele in a wide spectrum of corporate and commercial litigation cases ranging from fields as diverse as banking, telecommunications, hospitality and wealth management. He has also engaged in some of the most significant cross-border insolvency and restructuring matters in Singapore, notably acting for a US bank creditor in the restructuring of Asia Pulp & Paper in 2000 and for the Drydocks group of companies (subsidiaries of Dubai Ports World) in applying for a scheme of arrangement in 2012.
Eddee’s work has garnered plaudits from clients and the Best Lawyers where he has been named as one of the leading lawyers in the fields of Banking Law and Litigation in Singapore since 2014. He is also ranked as a Recommended Lawyer for Dispute Resolution, and Restructuring and Insolvency by The Legal 500 Asia Pacific, 2017-2018. In addition, he was a finalist for Asian Legal Business SE Asia Law Awards’ Singapore Managing Partner of the Year 2017 award and Asialaw Asia-Pacific Dispute Resolution Awards’ Disputes Star of the Year 2016 award.
As a testament to his expertise, Eddee was invited to be a member of the prestigious, invitation-only International Association of Defense Counsel. He is a Fellow of both the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and the Singapore Institute of Arbitrators. He is also a member of INSOL International and the Insolvency Practitioners Association of Singapore.
Eddee's experience includes:
Publications
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9540
EMAIL:eddeeng@tkqp.com.sg
Parmar, Karam Singh
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PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9541
EMAIL:karamparmar@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Karam is one of the firm’s founding partners and heads its building and construction practice. He is currently the firm’s administration partner.
Karam generally practises civil and commercial litigation. While a significant part of his area of practice involves building and construction law, the nature of the commercial disputes that he handles is diverse and covers a wide area of the law.
On the non-contentious front, Karam regularly advises clients on various legal and regulatory issues, and on documentation such as bonds, letters of intent, guarantees, warranties, indemnities, deeds of assignment, insurance policies, the various types of building and consultancy agreements, PPP projects and numerous types of commercial contracts. The contentious side of Karam’s practice regularly sees him appearing in the courts of law, before arbitral tribunals or in adjudications. Karam is also active in promoting non-confrontational dispute resolution procedures where he negotiates settlements on behalf of clients and/or represents them in mediations.
Karam is ranked as a Market-Leading Lawyer for Dispute Resolution & Litigation by Asialaw Profiles, 2016-2018. He is also ranked as a Market-Leading Lawyer for Construction and Real Estate by Asialaw Profiles, 2018. In addition, he is recognised as one of the leading lawyers in the fields of Construction Law in Singapore, Arbitration and Mediation in Singapore by the Best Lawyers.
Karam's experience includes:
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9541
EMAIL:karamparmar@tkqp.com.sg
Rajoo, Angeline
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PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9525
EMAIL:angeline@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Angeline is a Partner in the Insurance Litigation department. Angeline was called to the English Bar in 1994 and admitted as an Advocate and Solicitor in July 1995. Since her admission, Angeline practises in the field of general litigation; primarily dealing with the defence and recovery of insurance related claims in the field of insurance law.
Areas of Practice
Motor accidents and personal injury arising from motor accidents; Including negotiations between insurance companies over claims; Damage to property arising from fire, construction and/or renovation works Professional Indemnity Insurance
Experience
Appointments / Membership
Angeline is a member of the Law Society and the Singapore Academy of Law.
PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9525
EMAIL:angeline@tkqp.com.sg
Ramasamy, Narayanan
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PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9504
EMAIL:nara@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Narayanan is a Partner in the Insurance Litigation Department.
Narayanan graduated with a Bachelor of Law (Honours) degree from the National University of Singapore in 1993 and was admitted as an Advocate and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Singapore in 1994.
Areas of Practice
Motor Insurance and Workmen Compensation claims, representing major insurance companies in Singapore and Malaysia
Experience
Nara has conducted trials, assessment(s) of damages and appeal(s) in the State Courts, High Court and the Court of Appeal of Singapore in respect of personal/bodily injury matters, representing insurers.
Nara has presented talks and seminars for insurance companies in Singapore and Malaysia.
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9504
EMAIL:nara@tkqp.com.sg
Seah, Paul
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PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9512
EMAIL:paulseah@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Paul’s main area of practice is in civil and commercial disputes, where he has acted as lead counsel in some of Singapore’s most important and high-profile cases in recent years. Paul also has a speciality in insolvency and restructuring work, and has advised Singapore’s leading accounting firms and financial institutions in numerous well-publicised insolvencies.
Outside of legal practice, Paul chairs the board of Living Waters Methodist Church. He is also a council member of the Law Society of Singapore, and the co-author of a number of leading textbooks on civil and commercial litigation in Singapore.
In 2017, Paul garnered the Asialaw Asia-Pacific Dispute Resolution Awards’ Disputes Star of the Year award. He was also recognised by the Asian Legal Business as one of “40 Under 40 – Asia’s Brightest Young Legal Minds” in 2015. In 2014, Singapore Business Review ranked him as one of Singapore’s “20 Most Influential Lawyers 40 and Under”. In addition, Paul is ranked as a Recommended Lawyer for Dispute Resolution, and Restructuring and Insolvency by Legal 500 Asia Pacific, 2017-2018. He is also ranked as a Leading Lawyer for Dispute Resolution and Litigation, and Restructuring and Insolvency by Asialaw Profiles, 2017-2018.
DisputesPublications
Appointments / Membership
Directorship
PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9512
EMAIL:paulseah@tkqp.com.sg
Tan, Su Ean
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PRACTICE GROUP:
REAL ESTATE
TEL:+65 6496 9531
EMAIL:tansuean@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Su Ean read law in University College London, University of London. She passed the Trinity Bar Examinations in 1994 as the top Lincoln’s Inn student and was awarded the Joan Denning Prize.
Su Ean’s diverse practice in real estate transactions includes the sale and purchase of buildings by corporations, the purchase of state/government land parcels, acting for management corporations and handling retail property transactions which involve acting for the CPF Board in the members’ withdrawal of monies in connection with the property purchase.
Su Ean has conducted property due diligence and handled advisory work and applications to government and statutory authorities on stamp duty and approvals for subleasing and subdivision. She has represented foreign corporations in the purchase and financing of investment property in Singapore.
Su Ean's experience includes:
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
REAL ESTATE
TEL:+65 6496 9531
EMAIL:tansuean@tkqp.com.sg
Teo, Weng Kie
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PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9527
EMAIL:teowengkie@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Weng Kie is the head of the Firm’s Insurance Practice Group.
He graduated from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor of Laws (Honours) degree in 1989 and was admitted as an Advocate and Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Singapore in 1990.
Areas of Practice
Weng Kie regularly handles claims involving various classes of insurance such as Public Liability, Professional Indemnity, Fidelity Guarantees, Errors & Omissions, Contractors’ All-Risk, Workmen Compensation, Motor Insurance and Material Damage/Business Interruption.
Experience
In the course of his work, he has had the opportunity of arguing important points of law on behalf of insurers, such as the privilege from disclosure of the insurance loss adjusters’ reports, disclosure of secret trade information and formulae in the litigation context and the right of an insurer to seek medical re-examination of the Plaintiff for personal injury claims.
His expertise is as varied as the nature of the practice. Weng Kie has represented underwriters in many large claims most notably in the area of insurance fraud litigation. He has successfully defended several fire insurance claims where underwriters raised a defence of arson and fraud. He often works with forensic accountants and scientists, handwriting experts and investigators on such matters.
Weng Kie also regularly handles material damage/business interruption claims. For instance he was involved in an intensive litigation of a large business interruption claim arising from the well publicized Pan Pharmaceuticals debacle in Australia.
Weng Kie also specializes in road traffic and industrial accident claims and has acted in some of Singapore’s largest personal injury claims.
In the area of property and liability insurance, he successfully argued the policy position on behalf of underwriters as respects bailees’ liability for goods in their custody, care and control, or held by them on trust and commission. Until today, the judgment in the case of Siu Brothers v Norwich Winterthur Insurance remains the only locally reported one on this question.
He has also been entrusted with various professional indemnity policy claims. For instance he led a team of solicitors in handling a S$27 million claim against a professional engineer involving a cement silo failure. He has also provided advice to professional indemnity insurers for doctors, lawyers, accountants, building managing agents and insurance brokers. In the course of his professional indemnity work he has had the opportunity to advise on a myriad of policy issues such as multiple excess questions, limit of insurance, defence costs clauses, duty of disclosure, non-reporting, claims-made basis and retroactive clauses, limitation periods and others.
He has conducted numerous seminars for insurance companies. He takes special interest in advocacy skills and has trained in advocacy under the guidance of Australian Queen’s Counsel. He presently teaches advocacy to lawyers and postgraduate law pupils under the aegis of the Law Society of Singapore.
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
INSURANCE
TEL:+65 6496 9527
EMAIL:teowengkie@tkqp.com.sg
Tnee, Keith
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PRACTICE GROUP:
LITIGATION
TEL:+65 6496 9503
EMAIL:keithtnee@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Keith has assisted clients in civil and commercial litigation matters covering a wide spectrum of industry sectors. He also handles insolvency and restructuring matters.
In 2016, Singapore Business Review ranked Keith as one of Singapore’s “70 Most Influential Lawyers 40 and Under”.
Experience
DisputesPublications
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
LITIGATION
TEL:+65 6496 9503
EMAIL:keithtnee@tkqp.com.sg
Tng, Peck Chin
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PRACTICE GROUP:
REAL ESTATE
TEL:+65 6496 9530
EMAIL:tngpeckchin@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Peck Chin specialises in real estate law, advising both corporate and individual clients on acquisitions and disposals of real estate, regulatory matters, government land sales, housing developments and leasing matters. She handles financing matters for financial institutions, corporate and high net worth clients.
Peck Chin began her legal practice in 1989 at Lee & Lee, where she did her pupillage. She was in the litigation department for a year before she joined the real estate department.
In 2005, she joined Wong Partnership LLP as a partner in their Corporate Real Estate practice group. She retired from the partnership in 2009.
Peck Chin has also taught in the Practice Law Course managed by the Board of Legal Education for about 10 years.
Peck Chin's experience includes acting for:
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
REAL ESTATE
TEL:+65 6496 9530
EMAIL:tngpeckchin@tkqp.com.sg
V. Kanyakumari
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PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9509
EMAIL:kanya@tkqp.com.sg
Qualification
Areas of Practice
Experience
Kanya’s practice covers a wide range and includes commercial litigation with particular emphasis on banking litigation. She heads our matrimonial department, advising clients on all aspects of family law. She has litigated numerous contentious cases and was involved in a high profile case involving the treatment of stock options under Singapore law as matrimonial assets.
Kanya also leads our mortgage recovery team and advises clients on all aspects of banking litigation including commencement of proceedings, enforcement and execution proceedings. Her area of practice also includes landlord and tenancy matters, drafting of and advising on commercial contracts, real estate litigation, contentious probate litigation, drafting of wills and various aspects of debt recovery.
Kanya is also a member of the Inquiry Panel of the Law Society of Singapore.
Kanya regularly advises clients on the financial aspects of divorce especially the effect of divorce on the division of matrimonial assets. She has also handled numerous highly contentious cases relating to the custody care and control of minor children. She has extensive experience in adoption and other family-related matters. Many of the divorces handled by her involve jurisdictional and cross-border issues.
Kanya works closely with management corporations of strata developments, advising them on litigation, day-to-day affairs and disputes. She has given talks on the amendments to the Land Titles Strata Act and the effect of new legislation, for example, the Building Maintenance and Strata Management Act.
Appointments / Membership
PRACTICE GROUP:
DISPUTES
TEL:+65 6496 9509
EMAIL:kanya@tkqp.com.sg
